RFE/RL's Turkmen Service was established in 1953 as part of Radio Liberty broadcasting to the Soviet Union. Due to the nature of the current ruling regime, scientific audience surveys cannot be conducted. However, e-mail and SMS messages and letters from listeners suggest they value RFE/RL's broadcasts. The Turkmen Service is the only independent source for news and information in the country, with special emphasis given to topics such as democracy and human rights.